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Purpose - The dynamic globalisation processes and the processes of tourism and hospitality business development put ever increasing challenges before hoteliers. The COVID-19 pandemic has called for hotel guests' new routines and expectations. The combination of work and holiday is taking hold, especially since the pandemic changed work methods which have become more flexible. Remote work has enabled people to travel and conduct their business activities;therefore, a new word explaining this new concept is forged;workspitality (abbreviation of words work + hospitality). The purpose of this paper is to show in what measure hotel companies, given the guests' new routines and expectations, have adapted their offer to their guests' new requirements. By consideration of the tourists' requirements, a new specific trend has been identified, which presumes stays in hotels away from home, with pursuit of business activities. The aim of this paper is to research the hotels' preparedness to offer workspaces as an element of their offer during tourists' stays in the hotels, combining work and leisure activities. Methodology - includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of the potential of affirmation of the new accommodation concept in hotels. The paper analyses aspects which affect the positioning of remote workplaces as a part of hotel offer, given the tourists' new routines and expectations. The research was conducted using a survey questionnaire on a sample of hotel managers of small hotels, medium-sized and large sized hotels. The questionnaire contained Likert scale 1-5 research and open-ended questions which explored in depth the attitudes by combining them coded by statistical methods with qualitative research where the results were obtained via open ended questions. The methodology, supported by creative thinking techniques, included desktop meta research and impacted the formation of conclusions which point to new scientific knowledge. Findings - The research results point towards scientific and practical comprehension of hotel offer organisation and innovativeness. The research results influence the formation of scientific knowledge in the area of hotel offer organisation, as well as on the identification of its key elements. Space organisation and Internet communication technologies - ICT services in hotels, by which remote work with simultaneous use of accommodation services and leisure activities would be enabled for tourists, present a prerequisite for new offers. The findings indicate that this new concept produces higher price levels, affirm new market niches and prolong the tourism season. Contribution - The paper represents a valuable contribution to the comprehension of the organisation and innovation of a competitive hotel offer. The possibility of remote work enables tourists to stay in a hotel on holiday and take advantage of a wide choice of recreational facilities. Remote work has become commonplace for many employees, and it is predicted that it will become more than a passing trend. The goal was to understand changes in the guest hotel accommodation affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the attitudes and the resulting hotel managers' answers in the segment of organisation of services for remote work. The research results, as well as the acquired knowledge, could influence the perception of the hotel management about the importance of adaptation of the hotel offer to new expectations of hotel guests, and to its organisation. Namely, it could influence the new strategic decisions related to the investments and innovations in accommodation structure design. The contribution is reflected in raising awareness and bridging the gap between theory and practice of innovative accommodation organisation which impacts competitiveness.
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The development of Chinese edible fungus industry in recent years not only had favorable policy environment such as targeted poverty alleviation and a large health industry, but also was suffered the temporary impact of COVID-19. Under this situation, this paper analyzes the fundamentals of Chinese edible mushroom development, and its stability and internality, considering the countermeasures to meet the transfer of the global edible mushroom innovation center and recognizing the importance of independent innovation and original innovation in the science and technology of edible mushroom industry. It hoped to realize the reform of Chinese edible mushroom industry in terms of innovation mechanism, talent training and R&D investment, and joint efforts to achieve a strong edible mushroom country.
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Public support mechanisms for agriculture in many cases hinder the transformation towards healthier, more sustainable, equitable, and efficient food systems. This report sets out the compelling case for repurposing harmful agricultural producer support to reverse this situation, by optimizing the use of scarce public resources, strengthening economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, and ultimately driving a food systems transformation that can support global sustainable development commitments. The report provides policymakers with an updated estimate of past and current agricultural producer support for 88 countries, projected up until 2030. The trends emerging from the analysis are a clear call for action at country, regional and global levels to phase out the most distortive, environmentally and socially harmful support, such as price incentives and coupled subsidies, and redirecting it towards investments in public goods and services for agriculture, such as research and development and infrastructure, as well as decoupled fiscal subsidies. Overall, the analysis highlights that, while removing and/or reducing harmful agricultural support is necessary, repurposing initiatives that include measures to minimize policy trade-offs will be needed to ensure a beneficial outcome overall. The report confirms that, while a few countries have started repurposing and reforming agricultural support, broader, deeper, and faster reforms are needed for food systems transformation. Thus, it provides guidance (in six steps) on how governments can repurpose agricultural producer support - and the reforms this will take.
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This article presents the results of the five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study - Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) on food security between May 2020 and May 2021. Despite significant investments in social protection, food insecurity and household and child hunger remained stubbornly high. We conclude that given the protracted nature of the pandemic, slow economic recovery, household and child hunger have stabilised at higher levels than before the pandemic. The phasing out of emergency relief coupled with the constrained economic situation, are some of the reasons why levels of food insecurity and hunger are likely to remain high in the near future. Strict lockdown regulations also reduced employment and income from informal economic activities. Social support for vulnerable individuals and households remain an urgent priority. Continuing support targeted at households with children is particularly important given the dire consequences of enduring hunger for stunting, and on children's long-term development.
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This Special Issue seeks to address the perennial question of support options for the cultural and creative industries (exacerbated due to the impact of COVID-19) by bringing together articles that examine and explain various dynamics in CCI financing and funding. The articles in the Issue are diverse in their approaches, methods and data. They range from conceptual, qualitative, and case studies, to analyses based on survey data and granular 'big data'. The articles mainly address digital fundraising technologies and investment practices. Strikingly absent in this collection of studies are modes of funding in which governments and public providers occupy center stage. Innovation in financing and funding appears to be more the result of new modalities (i.e., technology-driven) than of fundamental shifts in thoughts about how the cultural economy could be approached and how the CCI should be financially sustained. The articles in the Issue suggest the emergence of a new funding paradigm, which steps away from a clear demarcation between public and private in terms of interests and financing modes. This new paradigm embraces collaborative funding mechanisms such as crowdfunding, incubator and accelerator finance, and other pooled investments, as well as digital fundraising technologies that facilitate new modes of asset finance and tokenized funding. Future research themes are being suggested: the merging of project funding with structural budgets, the emergence of new business models and improved labor market conditions due to technology-driven aids, shifts in transaction costs, and issues related to regulation and legislation.
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Online Pedagogy has emerged as one of the evident scenario amongst academicians since the outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic. Lockdown restrictions may be seen as an opportunity for all the academicians to explore and adopt online pedagogy. Almost all of us have been using some or the other online teaching platform to connect & share knowledge with our students. According to an article published on w.e.f. website (Li & Lalani, 2020), although there was high growth and adoption of education technology with global edtech investments reaching US$18.66 billion in 2019 and the overall market for online education expected to reach $350 Billion by 2025 but still there has been significant increase in usage of language apps, virtual tutoring, video conferencing tools and online learning softwares since the outbreak of COVID-19. This descriptive review paper attempts to highlight the impact of COVID-19 upon education system & review the issues, challenges and benefits of online teaching through a survey questionnaire posted on LinkedIn & WhatsApp seeking responses only from academicians teaching hospitality & tourism courses, as these courses majorly involve experiential learning. Reliability of the framed questionnaire is checked using Chronbach's alpha. All the prominent issues and challenges are compiled and depicted using descriptive statistics, for simple & easy understanding.
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As the major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the greatest range, and the most difficulty in controlling recently, COVID-19 has created a huge shock and exerted an impact on public physical and mental health. Health tourism is an effective way of alleviating the general public's physical and mental health. Thus, it is necessary to examine the event strength of COVID-19 with respect to the willingness to undertake health tourism. Such research into tourists' behavior following the spread of COVID-19 could help identify potential areas of development for the tourism industry in the period of the pandemic under normal control. Many studies have investigated the negative shock and impact of COVID-19. However, little research has focused on behavioral responses in that regard. Hitherto, studies have ignored development opportunities in the tourism industry following COVID-19. By applying the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model and event system theory, we conducted a survey among 313 participants by means of an online questionnaire. Using the structural equation modeling technique, we aimed to identify the effect of recognizing the event strength of COVID-19 (novelty recognition, disruption recognition, criticality recognition) on the intention to undertake health tourism;we did so by taking into account the mediating role of risk perception and moderating role of risk communication. We obtained the following findings. (1) The novelty recognition of the event strength of COVID-19 tended to decrease the willingness to undertake health tourism;disruption recognition did not affect that intention. However, criticality recognition did increase such willingness.(2) Novelty recognition exerted a negative impact on risk perception;criticality and disruption recognition positively improved risk perception. (3) Novelty and criticality recognition indirectly affected the intention to undertake health tourism through the partial mediating effect of risk perception. Disruption recognition indirectly affected such intention through the mediating role of risk perception.(4) Risk communication did not directly promote the intention to undertake health tourism, but it did moderate the impact of risk perception with respect to such intention. Thus, releasing more risk information makes the public more aware of health matters, which increases the intention to undertake health tourism. This study makes an important contribution to research and tourism management. First, we constructed and empirically examined a conceptual framework using the SOR model: it provided a good theoretical framework to analyze the mechanism between recognition of event strength and the intention to undertake health tourism;it broadens the application possibilities of the SOR model. Second, we clarified practical means for developing the tourism industry in the period of the pandemic under normal control;examples here are the wellness tourism industry promoting the planning and design of wellness tourism products as well as increasing investment in safety and sanitation. Such measures could also help improve risk communication, raise public awareness of risk and wellness, and promote wellness tourism.
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Currently, entrepreneurship and migration go hand in hand. On the one hand, migration causes the population to adapt to the new social, economic and geopolitical conditions. On the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship requires the creation of new products and services that society requires over a period of time. The symbiosis between returned migrants and the development of business in the field of agriculture can become the key to success for the economy of the Republic of Moldova. The phenomenon of migration in the Republic of Moldova has been going on for several decades, and in the last period of time, as a result of the triggering of the COVID pandemic situation, it is attenuating. In this sense, one of the basic prerogatives of public authorities is reintegration and return of Moldovan migrants and their support through various programs and tools. The most popular of the support programs, intended for migrants and their relatives who want to start a business in the Republic of Moldova, is the Program for Attracting Remittances in Economy "PARE 1 + 1". Businesses created by migrants, tangentially, were also supported with the support of other state programs and foreign donors through technical assistance, training, workshops, participation in conferences and exhibitions, preferential lending, funding through grants before and after investment, compensation, direct payments per animal, various tax mechanisms, etc.
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Enterprises of the industrial complex on the basis of innovation and investment development for a long period of time remain one of the important types of economic activity in the world market. They acquire particular importance during the period of overcoming the phenomenon of divergence in the countries of the European Union and in Ukraine. Therefore, an important issue is to determine the characteristics of their development;identification of existing problems and solutions, especially taking into account the existing negative consequences caused by COVID-19;study of issues related to the peculiarities of employment of the population, as well as issues of preserving existing and stimulating the creation of new jobs. The information base for the study are the official materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, and the countries of the European Union. With the help of statistical data, the assessment of the main indicators of production activity was carried out, features of dynamics and structure of export of production of the enterprises are defined. Due to the use of a systemic and structural approach, the positive aspects of development and factors hindering the growth of production in Ukraine and European countries were identified. The method of comparison is used in the analysis of regulations of Ukraine, European countries, which regulate the issues of innovation and investment activities of enterprises. The problem of institutional factors of providing innovative development on the basis of the system approach and synthesis of mechanisms of infrastructural maintenance of innovative development is investigated. The study found that in the European Union there are factors that contribute to overcoming the phenomenon of divergence. In particular, the presence of innovative enterprises;production of competitive products with high added value;concentration of enterprises in settlements where highly qualified specialists are concentrated, etc. Unlike the countries of the European Union, in Ukraine there are factors that hinder investment and innovation development. In particular, this concerns the imperfection of the mechanism of investment development;low level of technological support of the production process;limited access to foreign markets;leakage of highly qualified specialists abroad, etc. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to adapt the legislation of Ukraine in the field of investment and innovation development to the legislation of the European Union. Carry out the development of the national innovation system. Develop and implement a model of using public-private partnership, which will facilitate the inflow of investment resources, etc. The most effective way to overcome the phenomenon of divergence in Ukraine is the development of enterprises on an innovative basis;functioning of the national innovation system;dissemination of public-private partnership in the field of investment and innovation;introduction of a network of transregional and cross-border cooperation.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in optimal portfolios using the treynor index model a year before and after the announcement of Covid-19 entering Indonesia in the same period on the LQ45 index. This research method uses the treynor index and t test. The samples of this study were companies listed in LQ45. The results of this study shows the ratio of returns and risks faced decreases or gets worse (risky) due to Covid-19 for comparison portfolios before and after Covid-19 for one year. So, the existence of this Covid-19 study event in the formation of a stock portfolio has a meaningful change if an annual portfolio is formed and there is a decrease in the performance of the return to risk comparison.
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The article examines the factors and measures taken to support and develop the real sector of the economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.
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Capital market plays a vital role to develop the wealth of the investors and organization. Stock Broking agencies are providing various services in financial sector. They have investors and clients across the nation. In this modern and present scenario, the investors perception towards the stock broking companies needs to be viewed for the better expected role and services form these companies and as well issues related to the services. In this paper the study has been made to find out the investor's perception towards the role of stock broking companies in India during pandemic especially on service quality. In particular, the study has been taken 4 selected stock broking companies in India. The services of stock broking companies to the investors plays a major role in evaluating risk and return of the investment decisions. It is very much essential to understand the investor's perception variables are - information is reliable, provide accurate picture of fluctuations in stocks, Are unbiased in giving opinions, Help enlarge investor pool, information Timely and efficient manner, Timely revision and Updating, Investor awareness and education, Provides superior information at Low cost, Easy understanding the stock market, Encourages to invest in companies to get high returns, reasonable brokerage charges. This paper analyzed on demographic factors, Perception and Satisfaction level of the investors and the data collected through a questionnaire base sample survey and analyzed by using statistical tools. In these difficult timesStock broking is used as critical input provider in determining investment decision, Investor acquires the guidance and help in buying and selling the stocks and interns to ascertain risk and return levels. As an investor, there is a need and important to understand the roles, functions and services of stock broking companies.
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After the corona virus pandemic is over, we can expect significant changes in management systems due to a further decrease in industrial commodity trade and, simultaneously, an increase in service trade, digital technology services in particular. The consequences of this crisis will be evident in all segments of economy and will relate to globalisation process, production and international trade. Global COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe supply and demand crisis of both products and services, on local and international markets. In economies, which base their production on low costs and low inventory and on last minute supply of raw materials and spare parts, supply chains have been disrupted and all this has resulted in major disorders on the market. The problem is effusing from one market to another. Reduced production has led to a sharp decrease in consumption, which is a result of decreased profits. In 2020 world trade has fallen by 9%, foreign investments by 40% and service trade by 60%. For these reasons, it is important to look closely into what has been going on, what is going to be happening, and how it is going to affect business organizations, their stability, safety and business performance in the long run. In order to analyse the environment, facts and factors which affect, both directly and indirectly, our business activities in this globalized society and economy, it is crucial to apply well-structured analytical concepts and to conduct them systematically, especially in these difficult periods of crisis. The application of analytical concepts (analyses) enables business organizations to prepare appropriately for the challenges they are going to face. The use of modern analyses like PEST, BCG matrix, VRIO and SWOT provide essential information about the real level of potentials and resources that an organization has at their disposal. Considering the dynamics of technological and techical changes, and trends of consumers' habit and need changes, analyses are becoming increasingly important in terms of monitoring our internal environment, analysing product and service portfolios and analysing value chains. This paper explores the application and results of the use of modern analyses in the business organizations in Croatia, with a focus on use in times of sharp socio-economic changes, which were caused by the recent crisis.
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As a wheat exporter, Russia ranks first in the world. Almost half of domestic wheat production is exported due to its competitiveness characterized by the relatively high level of comparative advantage. According to the study in the context of export parity and significant export volumes, domestic wheat prices follow world market prices and largely depend on major importers' demand. Global wheat prices have been rising consistently over the past months caused by the recovery in Chinese economy, adverse weather conditions, disruptions in food value chains and liquidity injections in the USA and EU economies to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. To restrain the rise in domestic prices, Russian government decided to introduced a floating export duty on wheat. This mechanism in the context of high world grain prices, economic stagnation, shrinking disposable incomes and increased risks of further devaluation of the national currency would lead to deterioration of the financial and economic situation, reduction of investment opportunities and technological lagging of Russian wheat producers behind their competitors in the world market. In this respect, Russian government efforts should be focused on increasing production and improving the competitiveness of wheat instead of restricting exports. A comprehensive set of measures regulating the wheat market also implies subsidizing wheat consumers, support for the development of transport and logistics infrastructure, and targeted assistance to vulnerable groups of the population. Such approaches would support grain consumers while respecting the interests of producers and exporters, thereby helping to achieve the national agri-food export target of USD 45 billion in the coming ten years.
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The paper deals with the analysis of the sources of competitiveness in the group of small farmers during the first wave of COVID-19. The aim is to reveal the drivers of farmer's success under introduced institutional measures. In particular, the paper addresses the following research questions: Does the group of small farmers catch up the opportunity to enhance their business? What are the sources of farmers' success? The results show that almost two third of interviewees were affected by the first wave of COVID-19 in the production and sale. The farmers faced problems with delivery of inputs, hiring labour inputs, increased sanitary requirements, limited or functionless some marketing channels and the ban on foreign trade. On the other hand, the analysis revealed that the costumers increased their demand on local and higher quality food. Moreover, farmers introduced several business innovations, such as the introduction of online payment methods and online technologies in the sale. Furthermore, they were pushed to speed up the prepared investments projects. These activities helped to increase the sales during the first wave of the COVID-19 and might represent drivers of success in their future business.
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The article proves that modern globalization challenges create unique opportunities for the recovery of rural green tourism, outlining the prospects for its attribution to strategically important sectors of the national economy on the grounds of priority, resilience and responsibility. However, achieving such results is impossible without appropriate organizational and economic provision for the development of infrastructure of enterprises of rural green tourism, where the State-based levers and instruments play a special role, because due to the sudden, unprecedented drop in demand, the travel and tourism sector will require, first of all, financial incentives with regard to support and recovery. The article is aimed at determine the potential for the recovery of green rural tourism in the conditions of COVID-19 as an instrument for the renovation of the agrarian economy. It is specified that the development of normative and legal provision for the activation of economic activity in the sphere of rural green tourism is a basic condition for the formation of a legal framework for the development of this type of tourism and attraction of investments in this industry. The main determinants of infrastructure development of rural green tourism in Ukraine have been identified and priority measures for the development of rural green and gastronomic tourism in rural areas for the future period are proposed. According to the authors, the active development of rural green tourism in Ukraine necessitates the following: carrying out an analysis of the current system of railway communication between cities and adjusting it to the tourist map of the country;increasing the level of responsibility of carriers for their activities and create conditions for safe passage through the territory;to carry out repairs not only of nationally important roads, but to maintain local roads in good condition as well;improving the quality of road infrastructure, with a focus on placing the appropriate identifying signs for both historical tourist sites and objects of rural green tourism;increasing the efficiency of the State regulation in this sphere. Prospects for further research are to determine the feasibility of implementing the world experience of recovering the tourism industry, particularly rural green tourism.
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Purpose: The cruise industry has been significantly impacted as a result of Covid-19. Some cruise lines have downsized, and many have cancelled ship orders while some vessels have been put on retainers. It is still uncertain how long this situation will continue. Even when cruise lines resume their services, the uptake is likely to be gradual because many traditional and potential cruisers may still be reluctant to travel because of the fear of contracting the disease. In addition, an enormous amount of money and time will be required to overhaul ships, re-plan service processes, re-certify crew and develop a new normal for how cruise businesses operate. An analysis of these issues forms the primary purpose of this study. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative approach was used to gather data and this was augmented by the personal industry experiences of the authors. Findings: Steady growth in the cruise industry came to an end during the last two years due to the unanticipated impact of the pandemic. SARS, Ebola and other diseases were much less significant in comparison. Many Caribbean islands have recently upgraded their ports to accommodate mega cruise ships as tourism is the main source of income for these islands. These investments run to millions of US dollars and as yet, there are no indications as to when the industry will recover. Research limitations/implications: Access to industry experts was not as broad-ranging as anticipated due to time pressures and the fact that it is difficult to schedule interviews by telephone or webinar with busy practitioners. Social implications: The pandemic will continue to impact the people of the Caribbean economically and socially, because of their dependence on tourism and especially cruise businesses. Originality/value: The gradual re-entry of cruise operations represents a fourth phase in the development of the industry. This juncture is the most critical phase because of the many opinions surrounding vaccination. Cruising is unlike land-based tourism assets where a rapid reactive response is easier to facilitate. A health crisis at sea can have disastrous consequences, especially for small islands with limited facilities to deal with critical Covid-19 infections.
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This commentary offers an analysis of the implications of Covid-19 on the future of elite women's football, with the intention of reflecting on and illuminating the threat and uncertainty facing the game. Topics covered include (1) organisational and economic repercussions;(2) consequences for player contracts, migration and investment;and (3) player wellbeing. These significant challenges require swift and decisive action in order to mitigate their potential effects. Recommendations are made for governing bodies, parent clubs and practitioners, in addition to possible future research directions for academics. We reflect upon what can be done during and post-pandemic to continue the momentum and growth of women's football in England, highlighting the need for football clubs to learn from previous crises by embracing innovation and entrepreneurship.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the perceptions of Comrades Marathon runners concerning the application of virtual reality technologies as a strategic response to the effects of COVID-19 in South Africa. Furthermore, the study also assesses the runners' challenges and readiness to participate in virtualised marathons post-COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from Comrades Marathon runners using online interviews. However, the study results showed mixed perceptions concerning virtual reality application to an outdoor sporting event like the Comrades Marathon in South Africa. Regardless of these perceptions, managers of sporting events are encouraged to make significant investments for the strategic development of virtual sports in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Research question: In 2019, women's sport was reported as being on the rise. Increased participation rates, media coverage, investment and support were evident. Following the spread of COVID-19 across the globe, which halted most forms of competitive sport, there were repeated concerns about the future of women's sport. This research aims to document elite sportswomen's perceptions of the state of women's sport pre-COVID-19 and the possible impact moving forwards. Research methods: Ninety five responses from an online, anonymous, qualitative questionnaire completed by elite sportswomen mainly based, in the UK, on the impact of COVID-19 on women's sport were collected. Data were subject to a thematic analysis, to determine key concerns, and the frequency data of responses were quantitatively recorded. Results and findings: Most sportswomen felt that women's sport was on an upward trajectory, but many juxtaposed that against inequality compared to men's sport in terms of media coverage and finance. There were concerns that the subordinate position women's sport, with less resources and support, will have severe implications post-COVID-19. However, there were considerations that a pause in sport would allow for personal development, increased participation upon sports return and space for a reconfiguration of sport. Implications: Those involved in sport are encouraged to think more critically about progress narratives in women's sport. We caution that these hide perpetual, structural and symbolic inequalities and propose that they are positioned more coherently within wider gender equity agenda. This is a process that will require widespread cultural change.